Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA) and Peak Ground Acceleration Mapping in West Java (2018–2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63581/JoCPES.v5i2.12Keywords:
DSHA, PGA, West Java, BMKG Catalog, MegathrustAbstract
West Java is a region with one of the most complex tectonic settings in Indonesia, influenced by the Sunda Megathrust subduction zone and an active inland fault system. This study aimed to estimate the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values in the West Java region using a Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA) approach with the Maximum of Maxima criteria. The data used is sourced from the BMKG earthquake catalog for the 2018–2024 period, which includes the most recent epicenter, hypocenter depth, and magnitude parameters. PGA calculations were performed using the Milne attenuation model for each grid point in the target area, followed by spatial interpolation using PyGMT software. The analysis results reveal a significant bimodal seismic hazard characteristic. An absolute maximum PGA value of 0.46 g was identified, triggered by a local shallow crustal earthquake with a magnitude of M 5.8 at a shallow depth within the inland region. Meanwhile, the southern coastal zone is dominated by the influence of a large Megathrust earthquake (M 8.7), although its shaking impact attenuates as it moves inland toward northern population centers. These findings confirm that while subduction sources possess greater energy potential, local active inland faults pose a more direct and destructive shaking threat to densely populated inland areas. The hazard map generated in this study is expected to serve as a crucial technical reference for resilient infrastructure planning and the updating of earthquake mitigation strategies in West Java Province.
References
[1] PuSGeN, Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2024. 2024.
[2] Z. Zulfakriza et al., “Seismic source analysis of the destructive earthquake Cianjur ( Indonesia ) from relocated aftershock Seismic source analysis of the destructive earthquake aftershock,” Sci. Rep., vol. 14, no. 1, p. 12142, 2024.
[3] P. Supendi et al., “Analisis Gempabumi Cianjur (Jawa Barat) Mw 5.6 Tanggal 21 November 2022,” Badan Meterorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofis., pp. 1–4, 2022.
[4] P. Supendi and R. Purbayan, “Analysis of Local Active Faults in Western Java from Hypocenter Relocation Using BMKG Data,” vol. 21, no. 01, pp. 2016–2018, 2023.
[5] N. Sari, M. S. Rosida, and T. Anggonob, “Double Difference Hypocenter Relocation and Velocity Model Determinaton in Western Java 2010 - 2024 for Fault Identificat,” Positron, vol. 15, no. 01, pp. 81–93, 2025, doi: 10.26418/positron.v15i1.91097.
[6] R. Tauhidur and R. L. Chhangte, “Estimation of Peak Ground Acceleration ( PGA ) and Spectral Acceleration ( Sa ) Vertical Component for Interface Subduction Zone Earthquakes of North- east India ( NEI ) and Adjacent Regions,” Res. Sq., 2021.
[7] J. Nugraha, G. Pasau, B. Sunardi, and S. Widiyantoro, “Analisis Hazard Gempa dan Isoseismal untuk Wilayah Jawa–Bali–NTB,” J. Meteorol. dan Geofis., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2014.
[8] G. Aglia, M. Wijaya, and P. P. Rahardjo, “The Study of Seismic Hazard in Near-Fault Areas Using Probabilistic and Deterministic Approach,” J. Civ. Eng. Forum, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 117–126, 2023, doi: 10.22146/jcef.5469.
[9] W. E. Prasetyo, L. Y. Irawan, R. Hartono, and E. Budi, “Seismic hazard analysis using Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis ( DSHA ) Method : A case study in Southern Malang District , East Java,” J. Pendidik. Geogr., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 209–227, 2023, doi: 10.17977/um017v28i22023p209-227.
[10] P. Supendi, A. D. Nugraha, N. T. Puspito, S. Widiyantoro, and D. Daryono, “Identification of active faults in West Java , Indonesia , based on earthquake hypocenter determination , relocation , and focal mechanism analysis,” Geosci. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 4–10, 2018, doi: 10.1186/s40562-018-0130-y.
[11] R. Silvianis and L. Dwiridal, “Estimation of Earthquake Intensity and Peak Ground Acceleration in West Java Using the MC Guire and the Lin & Lee Method,” KAPPA J., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 331–337, 2024.
[12] P. Supendi, A. Muhari, and N. Rawlinson, “Potential megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis off the southern coast of West Java , Indonesia,” Res. Sq., pp. 1–9, 2020.
[13] J. Douglas, Ground Motion Prediction Equations. 2022.
[14] S. L. Kramer, Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering. 1996.
[15] P. Wessel et al., “The Generic Mapping Tools Version 6,” Geochemistry, Geophys. Geosystems, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 5556–5565, 2019, doi: 10.1029/2019GC008515.
[16] M. Irsyam, M. Asrurifak, Hendriyawan, B. Budiono, W. Triyoso, and A. Firmanti, “Development of spectral hazard maps for a proposed revision of the Indonesian Seismic Building Code,” Geomech. Geoengin., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 35–47, 2010, doi: 10.1080/17486020903452725.
[17] PuSGeN, Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional (Indonesia).Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perumahan dan Permukiman (Indonesia). 2017.
[18] J. Douglas, “Ground-motion prediction equations 1964–2010,” Berkeley: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, 2011.
[19] M. Irsyam et al., “Development of the 2017 national seismic hazard maps of Indonesia,” Earthq. Spectra, vol. 36, no. 1_suppl, pp. 112–136, 2020, doi: 10.1177/8755293020951206.
Downloads
Published
Data Availability Statement
The earthquake catalog data used in this study were obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of Indonesia. The data are publicly accessible through the BMKG official website or seismic database services for research purposes
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Computation Physics and Earth Science (JoCPES)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright and License
Copyright © The Author(s). Authors retain copyright and full publishing rights to their work. Publication in the Journal of Computation Physics and Earth Science (JoCPES) does not transfer copyright to the journal or publisher. Authors grant JoCPES a non-exclusive right of first publication.
All articles published by JoCPES are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Under this license, users are permitted to share, copy, redistribute, adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the published material for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated.
If the material is remixed, transformed, or built upon, the resulting work must be distributed under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 license. No additional legal terms or technological measures may be applied that restrict others from exercising the rights permitted by the license.
For complete license terms, please refer to the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
