Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based 3-Phase Electricity Usage Monitoring System: Case Study at Geophysics Station Class I Sleman, Yogyakarta
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Abstract
Energy efficiency is a strategic measure to support government budget savings as mandated by Presidential Instruction Number 1 of 2025. The Class I Sleman Geophysical Station Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) Yogyakarta, as part of the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), still faces limitations in monitoring electrical energy consumption due to manual recording using conventional kWh meters, resulting in data that are not real-time and less effective for evaluating energy usage. This study aims to design and develop a three-phase electrical energy consumption monitoring system based on a microcontroller that is capable of monitoring electricity usage in real time and in an integrated manner. The research methodology includes the stages of needs identification, hardware and software system design, system implementation, performance testing, and evaluation. The system is developed using an ESP32 microcontroller, a PZEM-004T sensor for measuring electrical parameters, LCD I2C 16x2 for data display, and an Ethernet W5500 module for data communication through a Local Area Network (LAN). Electrical energy consumption data are stored in a database and presented through a web-based application developed using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and MySQL in the form of an informative visual dashboard. The test results indicate that the developed monitoring system operates reliably and demonstrates a high level of accuracy, with an average measurement deviation of 0.02 kWh compared to the official PLN electricity meter. The system is capable of providing real-time and historical energy consumption information, thereby facilitating evaluation processes and supporting decision-making related to energy efficiency. Consequently, the developed system is considered effective in improving electrical energy management and contributing to operational budget savings within the Class I Sleman Geophysical Station UPT environment.
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