Modulation of the Indian Ocean Dipole on Regional Atmospheric Circulation Variability over the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) across Various ENSO Phases (1991–2020)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63581/JoCPES.v6i1.03Keywords:
imc, enso, dipole mode, dynamicsAbstract
This study investigates the modulation mechanisms of the Dipole Mode on the impact of ENSO toward the atmospheric dynamics of the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC). Utilizing ERA5 reanalysis and Multi-Source Weather (MSWX) data for the 1991–2020 period, a conditional composite method was applied to 12 climate interaction scenarios. The results indicate that in-phase interactions exhibit constructive interference. The combination of Strong El Niño and Positive DMI triggers massive divergence, leading to "double drought" conditions, whereas Strong La Niña and Negative DMI result in extreme precipitation. A crucial finding confirms the Dipole Mode as a vital modulator. Negative DMI is shown to act as a buffer that mitigates El Niño-induced drought in western Indonesia, while Positive DMI dominantly suppresses La Niña’s wet signals. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for the accuracy of seasonal weather predictions and the mitigation of hydrometeorological disasters.
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Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from public sources, including ECMWF (ERA5), NOAA (Niño 3.4 index), and GloH2O (MSWX).
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